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Research Papers,
Citation and Reference Formats

Most students will have to write at least one research paper in their educational journey. We have compiled some information that will help to make this process as painless as possible.

When you write a research paper, you will have to borrow information from other people in order to prove your points. Any time you borrow information from another source, you must show in your paper where you found the information. This is called "citing" or "referencing." If you do not cite your source, it is called "plagiarism." It is illegal to plagiarize someone else's work or ideas. There are several different formats for citing sources in a research paper. You should check with your professor to find out which format he/she prefers. We have compiled some basic guides to understanding different citation and reference systems: APA, MLA, Chicago (Turabian), ASA, I-Search, and CBE.

Researching APA Style MLA Style Chicago/Turabian
ASA Style I-Search Papers CBE Documentation General Links

Researching
Research Papers: The Process
Researching and Organizing Your Paper
Research Paper Time Table
 
APA Style
APA Guidelines
Introducing a Quote: Sample Sentences (APA)
APA Sample References
APA Sample Research Paper
     Links
      Citation Machine (The Landmark Project)
      A Hypertext Writing Guide (University of Wisconsin)
      Sample Paper: APA Style (dianahacker.com)
      Electronic Reference Formats (APAStyle.org)
 
MLA Style
MLA Guidelines
Introducing a Quote: Sample Sentences (MLA)
MLA Sample Research Paper
MLA Sample Works Cited Page
     Links
      Citation Machine (The Landmark Project)
      Sample Paper: MLA Style (dianahacker.com)
      Columbia Guide to Online Style (Columbia University Press)
      MLA Citation Examples (Honolulu Community College Library)
      MLA Parenthetical Documentation (St. Cloud State University)
 
Chicago (Turabian) Style
Chicago (Turabian) Style Guidelines
     Links
      Sample Paper: Chicago Style (dianahacker.com)
      Documentation: Chicago Style (University of Madison-Wisconsin)
      Footnotes, Endnotes, & Bibliographies (University of New Hampshire)
      Using Footnotes (The City University of New York)
      Citing References: Turabian Style (University of Wisconsin)
      Turabian Style Format for Bibliographies (The University of Georgia)
 
ASA Style
ASA Guidelines
     Links
      Preparation Checklist for ASA Manuscripts (PDF)
 
I-Search Papers
I-Search Paper Format Guide
I-Search Paper Sample: "Women in Islam"
I-Search Paper Sample: "The Fundamentals of Judaism"
 
CBE Documentation
     Links
      Sample Pages: CBE Style (dianahacker.com)
      Documentation: CBE Documentation (The University of Wisconsin-Madison)
      Research Papers in the Biological Sciences (California State University)
      Review Papers in the Biological Sciences (California State University)
      Citing Electronic Resources (Internet Public Library)
 
General Links
A List of Style Manuals
Writing up Research: Using the Literature (Asian Institute of Technology)
Lab Reports (The Writing Center at Rensselaer)
A+ Research & Writing for high school and college students (Internet Public Library)
Writing Across the Curriculum (Hunter College)
Writing Projects (The City University of New York)
Research Paper.com
Writing Tips and Techniques for Beginners (Kingwood College Library)
Select Your Discipline (Bedford St. Martin's)
Study Skills and Learning Assistance (Richland Community College)
Writing Tips (Scribe Consulting)


Updated April 12, 2005
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