Using -ED and -ING to Make an Adjective

can become Adjectives by adding -ed or -ing.

Sample verbs of emotion:

Examples of words used as verbs and adjectives:

This sentence uses the word "bores" as a verb.

My English class     me.

(verb)

This sentence uses the word "bored" as an adjective.

I      my English class.

(verb + adjective)

This sentence uses the word "boring" as an adjective.

The class    me.

(verb + adjective)

The verb+ed becomes an adjective when it is used to describe . . .

A person or animal

A good way to remember to use -ed to describe the person or animal that experiences an emotion is to remember that both start with E.  E for -ed and E for Experience.  The "Experiencer's" emotion is described with ED.

For example:

Susan was annoy  by her neighbor's dog.

Susan is "the experiencer."  She is experiencing an emotion.  The word annoyed is used to describe how Susan is feeling.

The verb+ing becomes an adjective when it is used to describe . . .

the thing or things

A good way to remember to use -ing  to describe what instigates (causes) the emotion is to remember the two words that start with an I.  I for -ing and I for Instigate.  The instigator is described with -ING.

For example: 

The dog was annoy Susan.

The dog instigated the emotion.  The dog (instigated) Susan to be annoyed.  Annoying is the adjective used to describe what the dog was doing to Susan.

Other helpful hints: